Countdown for India joining cryogenic rocket club begins
Chennai – The 29-hour countdown for the launch of India’s heavy rocket geosynchronous satellite launch vehicle-development 5 (GSLV-D5) with the indigenous engine began Saturday 11.18 a.m. at Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh, officials said.
The Rs.356 crore launch mission has twin purpose – to flight test the cryogenic engine designed and built by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), and to put in orbit communication satellite GSAT-14.
The launch is scheduled for 4.18 p.m. Sunday. The rocket port is located about 80 km from Chennai.
A cryogenic engine is more efficient as it provides more thrust for every kilogram of propellant burnt.
ISRO was to launch this rocket last August but aborted it just hours before the deadline as the fuel started leaking from its second stage or engine.
According to the ISRO official, the second stage was replaced with a new one built with a different metal.
“We also replaced some critical components in the four strap-on motors of the first stage as a matter of precaution,” said the official.
The successful flight of this rocket is crucial for India as it will be the first step towards building rockets that can carry heavier payloads, up to four tonnes.
For ISRO perfecting the cryogenic engine technology is crucial as it can save precious foreign exchange by launching communication satellites by itself than depending on foreign rockets.
This will be the first mission of GSLV in the last four years, after two such rockets failed in 2010. One of the GSLV rockets flew with an Indian cryogenic engine, and the other one with a Russian engine.
The GSLV is a three stage/engine rocket. The first stage is fired with solid fuel, the second with liquid fuel and the third is the cryogenic engine.
The successful flight of this rocket is crucial for India as it will be the first step towards building rockets that can carry heavier payloads of up to four tonnes.
ISRO is planning to launch an upgraded version of GSLV Mark III rocket soon with a dummy payload.
The design payload capacity of GSLV Mark III is four tonnes. However, the rocket will not have the cryogenic engine which is under development. The mission is mainly to test the rocket’s other systems and its aerodynamic stability.
ISRO has another rocket – Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)- basically to carry lighter weight remote sensing/earth observation satellites.
Officials told IANS that the global trend is communication satellites are growing big and heavier, while the opposite is happening in respect of remote sensing satellites.
ISRO itself is planning to build a six tonne communication satellites. So it is imperative for India to have a rocket of its own than paying huge sums to other space agencies to sling satellites in orbit.
According to ISRO, several design changes had been incorporated in Sunday’s rocket after studying the past GSLV rockets and the issues faced in them.
Design changes were made in the lower shroud/cover that protects the engine during the atmospheric flight, wire tunnel of the cryogenic stage to withstand larger forces during the flight, and the revised aerodynamic characterisation of the entire rocket.
The space agency also reverted to 3.4 metre heat shield to protect the satellite. The last GSLV rocket that failed had a four-metre heat shield.
One of the earlier GSLV rockets had problems in its aerodynamics.
Other changes included video imaging of lower shroud movement during various flight phases, fuel booster in cryogenic engine, and engine’s ignition sequence, he said.
ISRO said indigenisation of many critical systems, including liquid hydrogen propellant acquisition system (to prevent possibility of outside contamination), was achieved.
ISRO officials told IANS that though the rocket’s rated carrying capacity is around 2.2 tonnes, it was decided to carry a sub-two tonne satellite with minimum number of transponders (receivers and transmitters of communication signals).
ISRO’s earlier attempts to fly a GSLV rocket carrying slightly over two tonne satellites have ended in partial/total failures.
The cuboid shaped Rs.45 crore GSAT-14 is India’s 23rd geostationary satellites built by ISRO. It has a life span of 12 years.
The 1,982 kg satellite carries six extended C-band and Ku-band transponders (receivers and transmitters of signals), and two Ka-band becons. The satellite will be used for telemedicine and tele-education services.
During the countdown to the rocket launch, fuelling of the three stage/engine GSLV rocket’s four strap-on motors and the second stage with liquid fuel will be completed, while the first-stage core engine is powered by solid fuel.
The process of fuelling the cryogenic engine will begin around 10 hours prior to the launch.
It is going to be tense 17 minutes for the ISRO scientists Sunday after the 49.13 metre tall rocket weighing 414.75 tonnes blasts off at 4.18 p.m., till the GSLV rocket safely delivers GSAT-14 to augment the Indian transponder capacity.
